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inmhOnal Association 

Amateur Athletes of JImerica. 



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Constitution, By-Laws 



-AN 



*LAWS OF ATHLETICS* 



nOi»" 



New York : 

Published by the Association, 

1886. 

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National Association 



-OF-V*- 



Amateur Athletes of JImerica, 



••m^iii 



Constitution, By-Laws 



•AN 



♦♦LAWS * OF * ATHLETICS.** 




Ml^IlM" 



u 

New York : 
Published by the Association, 

188(1. 



TV: 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 

1886, by the National Association of Amateur 

Athletes of America, in the Office of the Librarian of 

Congress at Washington. 



Crichtor & Co., 

PRINTERS, 
221-225 FULTON STREET, N. Y. 



*»}• Sseentive •}• ©®aamltf ©©•}••<> 



-OF THE- 



National Association 

—OF— 

Amateur Athletes of America. 

••••••Illt^JllIMM" 

PRESIDENT: 

GILBERT H. BADEAU. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 
ALFRED H. CURTIS. 

SECRETARY: 
C. H. MAPES. 

TREASURER: 

W. C. ROWLAND. 
Geo. W. Carr. M. Bishop. W. E. Nixon 

•••••Ulll^lllllllf 

P. 0. Box, 3478, New York City. 



^ASSOCIATE CLUBS. ^ 



American Athletic Club, - New York City, N. Y. 
Baltimore Athletic Club, - - Baltimore, Md. 
Brooklyn Athletic Club, - - Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Inter-collegiate Athletic Asso'n, - — 

Manhattan Athletic Club, - New York City, N. Y. 
Missouri Amateur Athletic Club, - St. Louis, Mo. 
Nassau Athletic Club, - - Brooklyn, N. Y. 
New York Athletic Club, - New York City, N. Y. 
'Olympic Athletic Club, - New York City, N. Y. 
Paterson Athletic Club, - - Paterson, N. J. 
Star Athletic Club, - Long Island City, N. Y. 

Staten Island Athletic Club, West New Brighton, N. Y. 
Williamsburg Athletic Club, - Brooklyn, N. Y. 



N ation al Association 



-OF— 



Amateur Athletes of America 



CONSTITUTION. 

ARTICLE I. 

NAME. 

This Association shall be known as the National Associa- 
tion or Amateur Athletes of Ameeica. 

ARTICLE II. 

OBJECT. 

The object of this Association shall be the protection of the 
mutual interests of its members, and the advancement ard im- 
provement of Amateur Athletic Sports. 

ARTICLE III. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

The membership of this Association shall be limited to Am- 
ateur Athletic Clubs, and any associate club not giving at 
least one public out-door athletic meeting each year, to con- 
sist of not less than five games, open to all amateurs shall 
pay a fine of twenty-five dollars, to be paid at or before the 
next annual meeting, and in default of such payment such 
club shall forfeit its membership. 



And the Inter- Collegiate Athletic Association may become 
a member of this Association, such Inter-Collegiate Athletic 
Association to be deemed an amateur athletic club for all pur- 
poses herein. 

ARTICLE IV. 

DEFINITION. 

An amateur is any person who has never competed in an 
open competition, or for money, or under a false name ; or 
with a professional for a prize, or where gate money is charg- 
ed ; nor has ever at any time, taught, pursued or assisted at 
athletic exercises for money, or for any valuable considera- 
tion. But nothing in this definition shall be construed to 
prohibit the competition between amateurs for medals, cups 
or other prizes than money. 

And it is hereby expressly declared that this definition is 
not retroactive, and that all past acts of amateurs shall be 
judged in accordance with the provisions of the old definition; 
and that the foregoing definition shall take effect on and af- 
ter the 1st day of May, 1885. 

To prevent any misunderstanding in reading the above, 
the Association draws attention to the following explanations 
and adjudications : 

An athlete has forfeited his right to compete as an amateur, 
and has thereby become a professional, by — 

(a) Ever having competed in an open competition (i. e., a 
competition, the entries to which are open to all, irrespective 
as to whether the competitors are amateurs or professionals, 
and whether such competition be for a prize or not) in any 
athletic exercise over which this Association has declared its 
jurisdiction. 

(b) Ever having competed for money in any such athletic 
exercise. 



(c) Ever having competed under a false name in any such 
athletic exercise. 

(d) Ever having knowingly competed with a professional 
for a prize, or where gate money is charged in any such ath- 
letic exercise. 

(e) Ever having taught or pursued as a means of livelihood 
any such athletic exercise. 

(f) Ever having directly or indirectly accepted or receiv- 
ed remuneration for engaging in any such athleiic exercise. 

An athlete shall hereafter forfeit his right to compete as an 
amateur, and shall thereby become a professional, if, at any 
time after the foregoing definition shall take effect, he shall — 

(1) Directly or indirectly receive payment for training or 
coaching any other person in any athletic exercise over which 
this Association shall declare its jurisdiction. 

(2) Directly or indirectly receive payment for services per- 
sonally rendered in teaching any such athletic exercise. 

(3) Directly or indirectly receive payment for services ren- 
dered as Referee, Judge, Umpire, Scorer, Manager, Director, 
or in any other capacity, at any professional exhibition or 
contest of any athletic exercises whatsoever. 

Note. — Nothing herein shall be construed to prohibit the 
acceptance by any amateur of his necessary travel- 
ing expenses incurred by any Referee, Judge, Um- 
pire, Scorer or Starter, in going to and from the 
place of any amateur contest. 

(4) Directly or indirectly run, manage, or direct, for pros- 
pective profit any professional exhibition or contest. 

An amateur shall not hereafter forfeit his right to compete 
as an amateur, and shall not become a professional, by — 

(a) Receiving compensation for services rendered as ticket 
taker or ticket seller at any contest or exhibition of amateur 
athletics. 



8 

(b) Receiving compensation for services personally render- 
ed as Secretary, Treasurer, Manager or Superintendent of any 
amateur athletic club. 

(c) Receiving compensation as editor, correspondent or 
reporter of, or contributor to any sporting, athletic, or other 
paper or periodical. > 

(d) Runniog, managing, or directing, for prospective pro- 
fit, any sporting, athletic, or other paper or periodical. 

(e) Receiving compensation for services personally render- 
ed as official handicapper under the direction and authority 
of the National Association of Amateur Athletes of America. 

(/) Receiving from a club of which he shall be a member 
the amount of his expenses necessarily incurred in traveling 
to and from the place of any amateur contest. 

This Association hereby declares its jurisdiction to extend 
over the following athletic exercises : 

1. Running (all distances. ) 

2. Walking (all distances.) 

3. Jumping (of any character.) 

4. Pole-leaping. 

5. Putting the shot. 

6. Throwing the hammer, 

7. Throwing of weights. 

8. Tugs-of-war (individual and team). 

ARTIOE V. 

MANAGEMENT. 

The management of this Association shall be entrusted to 
an Executive Committee consisting of nine members, who 
shall be elected for a term of three years, except that of the 
first committee elected, three shall be chosen by lot to go out 
of office at the first annual meeting, three at the second and 
three at the third, in order that three members shall be elect- 



ed at each annual meeting of the Association. No club shall 
have more than one representative in the Executive Commit- 
tee . Vacancies in the membership of the Executive Commit- 
tee, arising from any cause whatever, shall be filled by the 
Executive Committee until the next meeting of the Associa- 
tion. They shall from among their number, elect a Presi- 
dent, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall 
serve until the next annual meeting, and perform their sever- 
al duties as prescribed in the By-Laws, and generally such 
duties as pertain to their office. 

ARTICLE VI. 

APPLICATION FOB MEMBERSHIP. 

Any amateur athletic club desiring to join the association 
shall send to the Secretary an application for membership, a 
copy of its Constitution and By-Laws, and a list of its officers 
and members. The Secretary shall submit this application 
to each member of the Executive Committee in turn, and 
these members shall endorse their decision. The approval 
of seven members of the Executive Committee shall be nec- 
essary to constitute an election. 

ARTICLE VII. 

ANNUAL MEETING. 

The annual meeting of this Association shall be held at 8 
p. m. , on the evening of the yearly championship games. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

SPECIAL MEETING. 

A special meeting may be called at the written request of 
not less than one-third of the Clubs comprising this Associa- 
tion, of which fifteen days' notice shall be given by the Ex- 
ecutive Committee. 



10 
ARTICLE IX. 

REPRESENTATION. 

At all meetings each club may be represented by no more 
ihan three delegates, each of whom can take part in all dis- 
cussions, but in the decision of any matter each club shall be 
-entitled to only one vote. 

ARTICLE X. 

DUTIES OF MEMBERS. 

Each associate club agrees to adopt the definition of an am- 
ateur as found in Article IV of the Constitution, and to en- 
force said definition at all athletic meetings given under its 
auspices; and further agrees to conform to all the laws, rules 
an I regulations of the Association, and to abide by the rul- 
ings of the Executive Committee. 

ARTICLE XL 

DUES. 

The dues shall be $10, payable upon admission into the 
Association, and at each annual meeting thereafter. No club, 
whose dues remain unpaid, shall be entitled to vote at the an- 
nual election. 

ARTICLE XII. 

DISCIPLINE . 

Any violation of the rules of the Association shall render a 
club liable to suspension by the Executive Committee until 
the next meeting of the Association, and to expnlsion by a 
two-thirds vote of the clubs represented at such meeting. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

AMENDMENTS. 

No addition, alteration or amendment shall be made to this 
Constitution at any meeting, except by a two-thirds vote of 
the clubs represented. At least thirty days notice of any such 



11 

proposed change must be given to the Executive Committee, 
of which due notice shall at once be sent to the clubs belong- 
ing to this Association. 



BY-LAWS. 

ARTICLE I. 

OFFICERS. 

The officers of the Exeoutive Committee shall be a Presi- 
dent, a Vice-President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, who shall 
be elected at the first meeting of the Committee after each 
annual meeting of the Association, to serve until the next an- 
nual meeting. 

ARTICLE II. 

DUTIES OF OFFICEES. 

Section 1. The President shall preside at all meetings of 
the Association and of the Executive Committee, appoint all 
sub-committees, audit and approve all bills, and order meet- 
ings of the Committee whenever, in his judgment, he may 
deem it necessary. 

Sec. 2. The Vice-President shall, during the absence of 
the President, perform all his duties, as specified in Sec. 1. 

Sec. 3. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of each 
meeting of the Association and of the Executive Committee, 
shall conduct their correspondence, and have charge of and 
be responsible for all the books and papers, except those of 
the Treasurer. 

Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall collect and have charge of all 
moneys belonging to the Association, shall pay all bills, when 



12 

properly approved, and submit a report thereof to the Com- 
mittee, whenever called upon by them to do so. 
ARTICLE III. 

MEETINGS. 

The annual meeting of the Executive Committee shall be 
held at the close of the annual meeting of the Association. 
Special meetings of the Executive Committee shall be called 
by the Secretary, either at the written request of three mem- 
bers of the Committee, or by order of the President, and one 
week's notice of said meeting shall be sent to every member 
of the Committee. At all meetings of the Committee, five 
members shall constitute a quorum. 

ARTICLE IV. 

CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The Executive Committee shall assume control of the con 
tests for the Amateur Championships of America, and give 
the Championship Meetings at such times and places as they 
may determine. 

ARTICLE V. 

CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES. 

The Championship Games shall include : 
Running 100 Yards. 
Running 220 Yards. 
Running One-Quarter Mile. 
Running One-Half Mile. 
Running One Mile. 
Running Five Miles. 

Hurdle Racing, 120 Yards, 10 hurdles, 3 ft. 6 in. 
Walking One Mile. 
Walking Three Miles. 
Walking Seven Miles. 
Running High Jump. 



13 

Running Broad Jump. 
Pole Leaping. 
Puttting the Shot, 16 lbs. 
Throwing the Hammer, 16 lbs. 
Throwing 56 lbs. Weight. 
Bicycle Racing, Two Miles. 
Individual Tug of War. 
Tug of War, Teams of Five Men. 
The Executive Committee may omit any of the above com- 
petions, or add such games as in their judgement may seem 

proper. 

ARTICLE VI. 

PAYMENT OF BILLS. 

All bills shall be presented to the President, or in the event 
of his absence to the Vice-President, and shall be audited by 
him ; in case of approval he shall affix his signature and date 
of approval. After such approval, the Treasurer shall be au- 
thorized to pay. 

ARTICLE VII. 

MODE OF DECIDING UPON STATUS OF ANY AMATEUE. 

Section 1. In the event of any application for a decision 
of the Executive Committee upon the applicant's status as an 
amateur athlete, it shall be the duty of the President to ap- 
point a sub-committee of three to investigate the case. This 
committee shall report to the Executive Committee at their 
next meeting, who shall thereupon take such action as they 
deem proper and just in the premises. 

Sec. 2. Upon application from any club, a member of 
this Association, asking for a decision of the Committee upon 
the status of any individual, a committee shall be appointed, 
and report, as specified in Section 1, and the decision of the 
Executive Committee be duly transmitted to the enquiring 
club. 



u 

Section 3. Each person whose amateur standing is being 
investigated, shall receive twenty days' notice of the meeting 
at which his case will be decided, shall be permitted to be 
present in person, to examine the witnesses, read all written 
testimony, and submit his own sworn statement. He must 
also answer all questions asked him by the Committee. 

Section 4. The unavoidable expense attending such inves- 
tigation shall be borne by the club or individual making the 
application. 

Section 5. It shall be the duty of this committee, if they 
deem an entry at the championship meeting a proper subject 
for investigation, to entertain the question, irrespective of 
any protest being entered. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

OBDEB OF BUSINESS. 

Roll call ; Reading, correction and adoption of minutes ; 
Unfinished business ; Reports and communications ; Ad- 
journment. 

ARTICLE IX. 

AMENDMENTS, ETC. 

These By-Laws may be altered, amended or suspended at 
any meeting of the Executive Committee by a two- thirds vote 
of the members present, provided two weeks' notice shall 
have been given to every member of the Committee of the 
proposed alteration, amendment or suspension. 



LAWS OF ATHLETICS. 



i. 

OFFICERS. 

The officers of an athletic meeting shall be 
One Referee. 

Three Judges at the finish. 
Three Measurers. 
Three Time-keepers. 

One Judge of Walking, with assistants, if necessary. 
One Starter. 

One Olerk of the Course, with assistants, if necessary. 
One Scorer, with assistants, if necessary. 
II. 

OLERK OF THE COURSE. 

He shall record the name of each competitor who shall re- 
port to him. 

Shall give him his number for each game in which he is 
entered, and notify him before the start of every event in 
which he is engaged. The assistants shall do such portions 
of his work as he may assign them. 

III. 

STARTER. 

He shall have entire control of competitors at their marks, 
and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or no any 
man has gone over his mark. 

His decision in such cases shall be final and without appeaL 

IV. 

JUDGE OF WALKING . 

He shall have entire control of competitors during the race,. 



16 

and his decision as to unfair walkiDg shall be final and with- 
out appeal. 

The assistants shall do such portions of his work as he may 
assign to them. 

V. 

SCORER. 

He shall record the laps made by each competitor, and call 
them aloud, when tallied, for the information of the contes- 
tants. 

He shall record the order of finishing and the times of the 
competitors in walking and running races. 

The assistants shall do such portions of his work as he may 
assign to them. 

VI. 

TIME-KEEPERS. 

Each of the three time-keepers after comparing their 
watches, shall time every event ; and in case of disagreement 
the average of the three shall be the official time. 

Time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol. 

VII. 

JUDGES AT THE FINISH. 

Two shall stand at one end of the tape, and the third at 
the other. One shall take the winner, another the second 
man, and the other the third man ; they shall also note the 
distances between the first three as they finish. 

In case of disagreement the majority shall decide. 

Their decision as to the order in which the men finish shall 
foe final and without appeal. 

VIII. 

MEASURERS . 

They shall measure, judge and record each trial of each 



17 

competitor in all games whose record is one of distance or 
height. 

Their decision as to the performance of each man shall be 
final and without appeal. 

In case of disagreement the majority shall decide. 

IX. 

REFEREE. 

He shall, when appealed to, decide all questions whose set- 
tlement is not otherwise provided for in these rales. 
His decision shall be final and without appeal. 

X. 

COMPETITORS. 

Immediately on arriving at the grounds, each competitor 
shall report to the Clerk of the Course, and obtain his num- 
ber for the game in which he is entered. 

He shall inform himself of the times at which he must 
compete, and will report promptly at the start, without wait- 
ing to be notified. 

No competitor shall be allowed to start without his proper 
number. 

XI. 

PROTESTS. 

Verbal protests can be made at or before any Athletic 
Meeting, against a competitor or team, by any competitor or 
club competing ; but such protest must be subsequently, and 
before action thereon, made in writing and duly presented to 
the Club under whose auspices the meeting is held. 

XII. 

INNER GROUNDS. 

No persons whatever shall be allowed inside the track, ex- 
cept the officials and properly accredited representatives of 
the press. 



18 

Authorized persons shall wear a badge. 
Competitors not engaged in the game actually taking place 
shall not be allowed inside or upon the track. 

XIII. 

TRACK. 

The measurement of tracks shall be eighteen inches from 
the inner edge, which edge shill be a solid curb raised three 
inches above the level of the track. 

XI V. 

ATTENDANTS. 

No attendants shall accompany a competitor on the scratch 
or in the race. 

XV. 

STARTING SIGNALS. 

All races (except time handicaps) shall be started by report 
of pistol — the pistol to be fired that its flash may be visible 
to the time-keepers. A snap cap shall be no start. 

There shall be no recall after the pistol is fired except in 
case of a foul provided for in Rule XXXII . 

Time handicaps shall be started by the word " go." 

XVI. 

STARTING. 

When the Starter receives a signal from the Judges at the 
finish that everything is in readiness, he shall direct the com- 
petitors to get on their marks. 

Any competitor starting before the signal, shall be put back 
one yard. 

For the second offense another yard. 

And for the third shall be disqualified. 

He shall be held to have started when any portion of his 
body touches the ground in front of his mark. 

Stations count from the inside . 



19 
XVII. 

KEEPING PROPER COURSE. 

la all races on a straight track, each competitor shall keep 
his own position on the course from start to finish. 

XVIII. 

CHANGE OF COURSE. 

In all races on other than a straight track, a competitor may 
change toward the inside whenever he is two strides ahead of 
the man whose path he crosses . 

XIX. 

FOULING. 

Any competitor may be disqualified by the Referee for jos- 
tling, running across, or in any way impeding another. 

XX. 

FINISH. 

A thread shall be stretched across the track at the finish, 
four feet above the ground. It shall not be held by the 
Judges, but fastened to the finish posts on either side, so that 
it may always be at right angles to the course and parallel to 
the ground. The finish line is not this thread, but the Ine 
on the ground drawn across the track from post to post, and 
the thread is intended merely to assist the Judges in their de- 
cision. 

The men shall be placed in the order in which they cross 
the finish line. 

XXI. 

WALKING . 

The Judge shall caution for any unfair walking, and the 
third caution shall disqualify the offender. 

One the last 1-8 of the last mile an unfair walker shall be 
disqualified without previous caution. 



20 
XXII. 

HURDLES. 

120 yards hurdle race shall be over ten hurdles, each 3 feet 
6 inches high. 

The first hurdle shall be placed 15 yards from the scratch, 
and there shall be ten yards between each hurdle. 

Hurdle races of different distances and with different num- 
ber and height of hurdles may be given. 

No record shall be made in a hurdle race unless each of the 
hurdles, at the time the competitor jumps the same, is stand- 
ing. 

XXIII. 

JUMPING. 

No weights or artificial aid will be allowed in any jumping 
contest except by special agreement or announcement. 

When weights are allowed, there shall be no restriction as 
to size, shape or material. 

XXIV. 

RUNNING HIGH JUMP AND POLE LEAPING. 

The height of the bar at starting and at each successive ele- 
vation, shall be determined by the measurers. 

Three tries allowed at each height. Each competitor 
shall make one attempt in the order of his name on the pro- 
gramme ; then those that have failed, if any, shall have a sec- 
ond trial in regular order, and those failing on this trial shall 
then take their final trial. 

Displacing the bar counts as a " try." 

A line shall be drawn six feet in front of the pole and par 
allel therewith in pole leaping, and three feet in front of the 
bar and parallel therewith in high jumping, and stepping over 
such line, to be known as the balk line, in an attempt, shall 
count as a balk. 



21 

Three bal^s shall count as a " try." 

A competitor may omit his trials at any height, but if he 
fail at the next height, he shall not be allowed to go back and 
try the height which he omitted. 

Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 
jumps or leaps. 

XXV. 

STANDING HIGH JUMP. 

The competitors may stand as they please, but must jump 
from the first spring. 

The height of the bar at starting and at each successive ele- 
vation, shall be determined by the measurers. 

Three tries allowed at each height . Each competitor shall 
make one attempt in the order of his name on the progrrmme; 
then those who have failed, if any, shall have a second trial 
in regular order, and those failing on this trial shall then take 
their final trial. 

Displacing the bar, and nothing else, counts as a " try." 

A competitor may omit his trials at any height, but if he 
fail at the next height, he shall not be allowed to go back and 
try the height which he omitted. 

XXVI. 

RUNNING BROAD JUMP. 

The competitors shall have unlimited run, but must take 
off from or behind the scratch. 

The scratch line shall be a joist Ave inches wide, the 
ground in front of which shall be removed to the depth of 
three and the width of six inches. 

Stepping over the scratch in an attempt shall be "no jump" 
but shall count as a " try." 

Each competitor allowed three trials, and the best three 
men have three more trials each. 



22 

Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 
jumps. 

The measurement shall be from the outer edge of the jois? 
to the nearest break of the ground made by any part of his 
person. 

A line shall be drawn six feet in front of the scratch line, 
and stepping over such line in an attempt shall count as a 
balk. 

Three balks shall count as a "try." 

XXVII. 

STANDING BBOAD JUMP. 

Competitors must jump from the first spring. 

Stepping any part of the foot over the scratch in an at- 
tempt shall be " no jump," but shall count as a u try." 

Each competitor allowed three trials, and the best three 
men have three more trials each. 

Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 
jumps. 

The measurement shall be from the scratch line in front of 
the jumper's feet to the nearest break of the ground made by 
any part of his person. 

XXVIII. 

PUTTING THE SHOT. 

The shot shall be a solid iron sphere weighing 16 lbs. 

It shall be put from the shoulder with one hand, from be- 
tween two parallel lines 7 feet apart. 

Touching the ground outside either line with any part of 
the person, before the shot alights, shall make the attempt 
" no put," which counts asa" try." 

Each competitor allowed three trials, and the best three 
men have three more trials each. 



23 

Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 
puts. 

The measurement shall be from the nearest break of the 
ground made by the ball, perpendicularly to the scratch line, 
extended if necessary to meet this perpendicular. 

XXIX. 

THROWING THE HAMMER. 

The hammer head shall be an iron sphere, weighing sixteen 
pounds, the handle shall be of hickory wood, and the length 
of hammer and handle over all shall be 3 feet 6 inches. 

Touching the ground in front of the scratch with any por- 
tion of the person before the hammer alights shall make the 
attempt " no throw," which counts as a "try." 

Letting go of the hammer in an attempt counts as a "try." 
Each competitor allowed three trials, and the best three men 
have three more trials each. Each competitor shall be credi- 
ted with the best of all his throws. 

If the head strikes first the measurement shall be from the 
nearest break of the ground made by it. 

If the handle strike first, one length of the handle shall be 
allowed from the mark made by the end of the handle to- 
wards the mark made by the head of the hammer, and the 
measurement shall be from this point. 

The scratch line shall be six feet long at and behind which 
the competitors shall stand. Said scratch line shall be ex- 
tended on both sides twenty-seven feet and lines at right an- 
gles to the scratch line thus extended and at each end there- 
of shall be drawn out indefinitely and shall be known as foul 
lines. 

The measurement shall be to the scratch line half way be- 
tween the throwers feet on any throw made inside of the foul 
lines. 



24 
XXX. 

THROWING FIFTY-SIX POUND WEIGHT. 

The weight shall be of solid iron and round in shape and 
shall measure with the handle sixteen inches in length and 
the whole shall weigh fifty-six pounds. 

The competitor shall stand at and behind the scratch, 
facing as he please, grasping the weight by the handle, and 
shall throw it with one hand. 

Touching the ground, in front of the scratch, with any por- 
tion of the person before the weight alights, shall make the 
attempt "no throw, 7 ' which counts as a "try." 

Letting go of the weight in an attempt shall count as "a 
try." 

Each competitor allowed three trials, and the best three 
men have three more trials each. 

Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 
throws. 

The measurement shall be from the scratch line in front of 
the thrower's foot, nearest the scratch line to the nearest 
break of the ground made by the weight exclusive of handle. 

XXXI. 

TUG OF WAR. 

1. The ground shall be loosened to the width of three feet, 
and to a depth of not less than six inches. 

2. The side crease shall be twelve feet from the centre. 

3. The mark on the rope must be over the centre crease 
when the signal is given, and the team hauling that mark 
over the crease on its own side, shall win. 

4. No footing holes shall be made before start. 

5. The contestants shall not wear spikes. 

6. The rope shall be 1 1-2 inches in diameter. 

7. Immediately before the contest, the captains of all the 



25 

contesting teams shall draw their numbers . 

8. Not less than five minutes shall be allowed each team 
between heats . 

9. Captains shall toss for choice of sides before each pull ; 
but if the same two teams pnll more than once during any 
meeting, they shall change ends at each successive pull. 

10. Competitors shall not be allowed to use any belt oth- 
er than one to protect the body, and no ring, chain or fasten- 
ing of any kind, shall be allowed. 

11. With two teams, they shall pull best two in three. 
With three teams, one and two shall pull, then two and 
three, and three and one. 

With four teams — one and two shall pull, then three and 
four, and the winners pull the final. 

With five teams — first round, one and two, three and four, 
five has a bye ; second round, winner of first heat pulls with 
five, and the winner of this heat pulls the final with the win- 
ner of second heat of first round. 

With six teams — first round, one and two, three and four, 
five and six; second round, winner of first and second heats. 
Winner of this heat pulls the final with winner of third heat, 
first round. 

Where more than six teams are entered, the arrangement 
of trials shall be on the same principal as in the above exam- 
ple. 

12. No man shall be substituted for another who has al- 
ready pulled in one trial, nor shall any man be allowed to 
pull with more than one team, in any of the trials for the 
same prize. 

13. A time limit may be made. 

14. The weights in tug-of-war s^all be : 

Feather weight, 125 lbs. and under. 



26 

Light weight, 150 lbs. and under. 
Middle weight, 175 lbs. and under. 
Heavy weight, over 175 lbs. 
15. All weights shall be stripped. 

XXXII. 

BYCYCLING. 

1. The officers for all Bicycle races shall be : a referee ; 
three judges at the finish ; three time-keepers ; one starter ; 
one clerk of the course, with assistants if necessary ; one 
scorer, with assistants if necessary ; and as many umpires as 
may be necessary . 

2. The referee shall have general supervision of the race. 
He shall give judgments on protests received by hira ; shall 
decide all questions or objections respecting foul riding, 
starting from the wrong mark or such like offences, which he 
may be personally cognizant of or which may be brought to 
his attention by an umpire or other officers. He shall act as 
he may think for the best in cases of misconduct by attend- 
ants, and shall disqualify any competitor who may become li- 
able to disqualification. He shall decide all questions whose 
settlement is not otherwise provided for in these rules. His 
decision in all cases shall be final. 

3. The judges shall decide the positions of the men at the 
finish. Two shall stand at one end of the tape, and the third 
at the other. One shall take the winner, another the second 
man, and the other the third man ; they shall also note the 
distance between the first three as they finish. In case of dis- 
agreement the majority shall decide. Their decision as to the 
order in which the men finish shall be final and without ap- 
peal. 

4. Each of the three timekeepers, after comparing their 
watches, shall time every event ; and in case of disagreement? 



27 

the average of the three shall be the official time. Time shall 
be taken from the flash of the pistol. 

5. The scorer shall record the laps made by each competi- 
tor ; the order of the men at the finish, and the time as given 
to them by the timekeepers. Scorers shall have such assist- 
ance as may be necessary. 

6. It shall be the duty of the starter, when it has been re- 
ported to him by a clerk of the course that all competitors 
are ready, to see that the timekeepers are warned, and before 
starting the men to say " Mount," in a few seconds after to 
say u Are you ready? " and if no reply to the contrary be giv- 

"en, to effect the start by report of pistol. Should the pistol 
miss fire, the start may be made at the word " go." The 
starter may, at his discretion, put back to a distance not ex- 
ceeding 10 yards, any competitor starting before the signal is 
given. In case of a false start, the competitors shall be call- 
ed back by the starter, and re-started. Any competitor re- 
fusing to obey shall at once be disqualified- He shall an- 
nounce to the competitors the distance which they are to run 
and shall indicate the commencement of the last lap by ring- 
ing a bell as the riders pass over the mark for the final lap. 
In case of a fall within ten feet of the scratch line, the con- 
testants shall be recalled and the race started over again. 
Time handicaps shall be started by the word " go." 

7. It shall be the duty of an umpire to stand at such part 
of the field as the referee may direct, to watch closely the rid- 
ing, and immediately after each race to report to the referee 
any competitor or competitors whose riding he may consider 
unfair, to the end that the referee, before making any decis- 
ion, may be credibly informed by an official as to the facts. 
There shall be as many umpires as the size of the track re- 
quires. 



28 

8. Choice or change of machine, and choice of costume, 
are not limited, except that shirt and breeches must not bare 
shoulder nor knee. In races distinctly stated on the pro- 
gramme of events to be for a particular class of machine, this 
rule shall not apply so far as choice or change of machine is 
concerned. 

9. The drawing for positions in each event shall be done 
by the club giving the meeting, and the positions of the men 
shall appear on the programme. When it becomes necessary 
to draw for positions on the grounds, the work shall be done 
by the clerk and starter, in conjunction. In heat races, the 
winner of the first heat shall take the pole in the next sue* 
■ceeding heat . When races are run in heats and a final, the 
winner of the fastest heat shall take the pole in the final. 

10. All starts will be from a standstill, with the left hand 
toward the curb ; and the machines are to be held in position 
by an attendant (the driver touching the starting-line) until 
the signal is given by the starter. Attendants, when pushing 
off competitors, must have and keep both feet on the ground 
behind the mark from which the competitor actually starts. 
Should the attendant overstep that mark with either foot, 
while touching the bicycle, the competitor shall be disquali- 
fied. Any competitor shall be at liberty, with the consent of 
the referee, to start from a mark behind the one allotted him 
in the race ; but in such case, as in all others, the point of 
contact of the first part of the machine with the ground shall 
be considered the starting mark, which the attendant shall 
not overstep. There shall be no "push off" in tricycle 
races. 

11. The finish of all races shall be judged by the first part 
of the driving wheel which touches the tape fastened flat on 
on the ground at the winning-post. 



29 

12. Riders must pass on the outside (unless the man pass- 
ed be dismounted), and must be at least a clear length of the 
bicycle in front before taking the inside. The inside man 
must allow room for his competitor to pass on the outside. 
A competitor overtaking another may pass between him and 
the pole if there be ample room, but he does so at his risk ; 
and should a foul be claimed, the referee must decide if the 
rider was justified in his course. Riders are cautioned tha^ 
they must not pass inside, except as a last resort. 

13. Any competitor guilty of foul riding will be disquali- 
fied and debarred from any place or prize. 

14. Competitors may dismount during a race at their 
pleasure, and may run with their bicycles if they wish to, 
but they must keep to the extreme outside of the path when- 
ever dismounted If a rider be dismounted by accident or 
to change his machine, he shall not be allowed a push off in 
starting again, but an attendant may hold his machine while 
he mounts it, and he must so mount at the extreme outside 
of the path. 

15. A novices' race is open only to those who, up to date 
of event, have never won a prize, excepting in a club contest, 
and should properly be the first race of a meet. 

16. In a race without hands, the start shall be made as 
usual. Ten seconds from the time of starting, the starter 
shall ring his bell, and this shall be the signal for the riders 
to take their hands off. The competitors must then ride with 
the arms folded, or the hands and arms otherwise kept quite 
off the machine. Any competitor touching any part of his 
machine with his hands or arms, shall be disqualified . 

17. In a slow race, a straightaway course not less than 
three nor more than five feet in width should be marked out 
for each competitor . Any competitor who rides outside of 



30 

these lines — to be judged by the centre of the driving wheel 
— or who comes to a standstill, or who is dismounted, or who 
fails to start at the signal, shall be disqualified. 

18. In a lap race, the position of each rider must be taken 
at the finish of every lap. The first man shall count a num- 
ber equal to that of the contestants at the start, the second 
man shall count one less ; the third, two less, and so on. The 
competitor who scores the greatest number of points shall be 
declared the winner, whether he ride the whole distance or 
not. 

19. In a team race the position of each rider must be tak- 
en at the finish of every mile. The riders shall count as in a 

lap race, and the aggregate scores of the team msmbsrs shall 
decide the victory. 

20. The contestants in a run-and-ride race sha 1 be start- 
ed on foot in the usual manner, and u mpires shall be station- 
ed on the track at the mounting and dismounting stations, 
who shall take account of the fairness of mounting and dis- 
mounting. Mounting before reaching or dismounting after 
passing the station shall be sufficient cause for disqualifica- 
tion. 

2L. Ignorance of any of th3 foregoing w 11 not be consid- 
ered a valid excuse for violation. 

XXXIII. 

Associate clubs shall have entire charge of the entries of 
their own members in athletic meetings, provided, always, 
that no member shall enter, compete, or take part in any 
event at any athletic meeting, the entries to which event shall 
not be limited to amateur athletes, or when the event or 
events shall not be governed by the laws of this association. 
This rule, however, shall not prevent this association or its 



31 

Executive Committee from prohibiting entries to any event 
or events. 

XXXIV. 

No person competing at any meeting or in any event other 
than those enumerated in Rule 33, shall be allowed to com- 
pete at meetings governed by this association or at the cham- 
pionship meeting. 

XXXV. 

In all class of limit events, competitors shall not be debar- 
red by reason of having made a better record after the clos- 
ing of entries for such event. 

XXXVI. 

All cases of dispute and any questions that may arise not 
provided for in these laws, and the interpretation of these 
laws, shall be referred to the Executive Committee of this 
association. 

XXXVII. 

REOOBD RULES. 

This association shall from time to time give its approval 
to all records made in standard games, and when so desired 
shall in its discretion inquire into and give its approval to all 
other athletic distances and games. 

No record in running, walking, or bicycle riding, shall be 
given, unless the same shall be timed by at least two official 
timekeepers, or by assistant timekeepers appointed by the 
Referee. 

No record shall be given in the high standing or broad 
jump, pole leaping, putting the shot, throwing the hammer 
and 56 lbs. weight, unless the same shall be measured by at 
least two official measurers. 

Said timers and measurers shall be regularly appointed by 
the Club or Association giving games or by the Referee. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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